Reading Time: 7 minutesData context and figures. This note interprets a set of monthly charts for Serbia’s retail trade (constant prices) and catering…

Reading Time: 7 minutes1. Introduction Unit labour cost (ULC) is a compact measure of cost-pressures from wages relative to productivity. When ULC rises,…

Reading Time: 9 minutes1. Introduction Average wages are one of the cleanest windows into an economy’s living-standard dynamics. They condense firm-level conditions, labour-market…

Reading Time: 13 minutes1. Introduction Real gross domestic product (real GDP) measures the total value of goods and services produced in an economy,…

Reading Time: 15 minutes1. Introduction Real gross domestic product (real GDP) is the broadest summary measure of economic activity. It captures the value…

Reading Time: 15 minutes1. Introduction Real gross domestic product (real GDP) is the broadest single measure of economic activity. It summarises how much…

Reading Time: 12 minutes1. Introduction Real gross domestic product is the standard yardstick for measuring the scale of economic activity. In the case…

Reading Time: 13 minutes1. Introduction Real gross domestic product is the central summary indicator of economic activity. Measured here as chain-linked volumes with…

Reading Time: 10 minutesA seasonal view of a small open economy 1. Introduction Real gross domestic product is the basic yardstick economists use…

Reading Time: 14 minutes(Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia) 1. Introduction Real gross domestic product is the central summary indicator…